• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:BE1020918A3
    申请号:E201300087
    申请日:2013-02-06
    公开日:2014-09-02
    发明作者:
    申请人:Carton Etienne；Nanetti Francois；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Protection device for buried element
    The present invention relates to a mechanical protection device for at least one buried element, in particular an element chosen from the group consisting of pipes (in particular gas pipes), pipes and cables, said device being independent of the buried element to be protected and adapted to extend between the buried element and the soil surface.
    Buried pipelines pose many problems. Indeed, the lack of marking of these and the use of technical equipment or the lack of plans that during work, many cables and pipes are damaged. Such damages are sources of many accidents, including gas explosion, electrocution. Such damages are also a source of major costs of repair and public service cut for part of the population.
    An attempt has been made to avoid damaging the gas or water pipes by placing a thin polypropylene net of color over them. If the trench is manually made by a worker using a shovel, this worker will quickly detect the presence of the colored net, which will warn him of the presence of the pipe. Moreover in the case of gas pipelines, the risk of fatal accidents is very important, given the significant risk of explosion. Damage to a gas line will require the movement of the population in a safety perimeter around the area where the line has been damaged. This displacement of people is expensive.
    However, the work to be done in a very short time, earthmoving machinery or excavators or excavators are used. With such machines, the colored net is quickly pierced, and the mechanical tool quickly lives in contact with the pipe or the cable.
    To avoid accidents, it has also been proposed to place, near a gas pipe, cables transmitting electrical signals. As soon as a cable is cut, an alert message is transmitted.
    Finally, it has also been proposed to deposit perforated protection plates over the gas pipes. Such plates are difficult to use because they can not be wound, and have a very limited length, so that there is a need for many junctions between plates, such junctions forming risk areas.
    There is as yet no commercial solution, effective, practical and economical to ensure the protection of a pipe (especially a gas pipe) or a cable placed in a trench, protection able to withstand the shock of a digger, while allowing a quick installation.
    The invention generally relates to a mechanical protection device for at least one buried element, in particular an element chosen from the group consisting of pipes (in particular gas pipes), pipes and cables, said device being independent of the buried element to be protected and adapted to extend between the buried element and the ground surface. The device according to the invention comprises on the one hand a particular thread able to withstand very large tensile forces, and on the other hand, a band attached to said thread, this impermeable and waterproof strip having a thickness of 300pm to 20mm, a width equal to at least 10% of the width of the net, and a mass per unit area greater than 200g / m2, preferably greater than 400g / m2, in particular between 500g / m2 and 1500g / m2. It has been noted that by associating such a band with said net, it was possible to create an area of less percolation of water under this band, and to ensure that the device is held in position at a determined level above the pipe at protect. This thus ensures a distance between the protective device and the pipe to be protected over time. It was also noted that the laying of the net was facilitated by this band, the unwinding of the net from its reel being more appropriate. The longitudinal edges of the net is advantageously thicker or has a greater cross section than the ropes and straps located between said longitudinal edges.
    The subject of the invention is a mechanical protection device for at least one buried element comprising at least: a net of ropes, ropes and / or straps forming between them substantially polygonal meshes of open section of at least 100 cm 2, said net being made by means of ropes having a diameter of more than 5 mm and / or straps having a width of more than 2 cm, said ropes and / or straps being made of at least 75% by weight of polymer material and having a resistance to rupture greater than 15000N, advantageously greater than 20000N, preferably greater than 25000N according to the EN699 standard, and - one or more impervious and water-impermeable strips attached to said net, said strip or strips having (a) a thickness of 300pm at 20mm, (b) a width adapted so that said one or more strips cover, in the direction of the length of the thread, an area of the net remote from the longitudinal edges of said net, said area of the net covered by the strip or strips having a width equal to at least 10% of the width of the net, preferably from 10 to 50% of the net width, preferably from 15 to 35% of the net width, and (c) a mass per area unit greater than 200g / m2, preferably greater than 400g / m2, especially between 500g / m2 and 1500g / m2.
    The tape is for example a polyester tape coated with PVC, or a polyester fabric coated with PVC.
    In a particular embodiment, the strip comprises at least one layer comprising fibers, in particular aramid fibers. This band is advantageously adapted to form a sort of shield not allowing. to the teeth of a bucket to partially traverse the device.
    Advantageously, the ropes and / or straps of the rope net are made at least 75% by weight, preferably at least 85% by weight of polymeric material selected from polypropylene, polyamide, polyester, polyethylene, poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO) and mixtures thereof.
    Preferably, the ropes and / or rope and / or straps comprise several strands or strands attached to each other, in particular twisted together. The rope and / or rope and / or strap comprises for example from 3 to 20 strands, in particular from 3 to 10, for example 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. The strands can be made of different material. When strands of different material are used, however, the strands have substantially the same elongation at break, for example an elongation at break in a range of + 2% and -2% (in particular + 1% and -1%). relative to the average elongation at break of the rope or rope or webbing (eg elongation at break between 3% and 5%, or between 4% and 6%, etc.).
    The rope may be of the single braid or double braid type, for example around a central core with or without sheath. The rope can take a texture taking the appearance of a strap.
    Specifically, the ropes and / or ropes and / or straps are made of (a) polyethylene having a Young's modulus greater than 50 GPa (for example between 60 and 150GPa, advantageously from 80 to 120GPa, for example polyethylene of module high HMPE sold under the trademarks Dyneema (R) or Spectra (R)), and an elongation at break less than 5%, for example from 3 to 4%, (b) in liquid crystal polyester (for example of the type marketed under the trademark Vectran (R)) having a Young's modulus greater than 50 GPa (for example between 60 and 150GPa, advantageously from 80 to 120GPa), and an elongation at break of less than 5%, for example from 3 to 4%, (c) polyamide (for example Para-aramid, in particular sold under the trademarks Technora (R), Twaron (R) and Kevlar (R)) having a Young's modulus greater than 50 GPa (for example included between 60 and 150GPa, i.
    preferably from 80 to 120GPa), and an elongation at break less than 5%, for example from 3 to 4%, (d) poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO, for example marketed under the name Zylon (R)) having a Young's modulus greater than 50 GPa (for example between 60 and 150GPa, advantageously from 80 to 120GPa), and an elongation at break of less than 5%, for example from 2 to 4%, and e) their mixtures.
    The net of ropes, ropes and / or straps is very open. The net advantageously has an open area / total area ratio greater than 20%, advantageously greater than 50%, preferably greater than 80%. This important level of opening a good passage of water from the ground, either from top to bottom (percolation), or from bottom to top (upwelling).
    The net advantageously has a resistance of more than 2500kg according to the IS01346 standard, in particular greater than 3000kg, preferably greater than 3500kg according to this standard.
    The rope, rope or strap used for the realization of the net has for example a cross section between 80mm2 and 400mm2, preferably between 100mm2 and 300mm2. Larger sections are possible, but then make the net more rigid.
    Advantageously, the net comprises or is associated with means in the form of a loop, in particular in the form of a sling. Such loops or slings are advantageous for allowing the connection between a net of a first device to a net of a second device. This connecting means may be a ring, for example metal, or a rope or rope or strap attached loops by knots. When a rope, rope or strap is used as a connecting means, this rope, rope or strap is advantageously made of a material described for the net. According to a particular embodiment, one or more ends of the net extending along a longitudinal axis have portions of ropes, ropes or straps extending beyond the net, these parts then serving as connecting means.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the net is a net that is at least partially knotless or at least a part of which the stitches or crossover points are formed of knitted plain yarns.
    The band attached to the net does not cover the net over its entire width and is intended to be placed just above the pipe or cable to be protected.
    According to an advantageous embodiment, the band attached to said net is an assembly (1) comprising at least: a fabric or a layer based on fibers, in particular based on aramid fibers or a series of layers based on fibers, in particular based on aramid fibers, the surface density of the fabric or fibers of the layer or series of layers being greater than 100 g / m 2, advantageously greater than 150 g / m 2, and a protective layer or sheet (2) at least partially covering a face of said assembly, said layer or sheet being a layer or sheet resistant to water and whose thickness is less than 5 mm, in particular 3 mm to allow the winding of the device on a coil.
    According to advantageous embodiments, the device of the invention comprises one or more of the following characteristics, advantageously several of the following characteristics: the assembly comprises at least one at least partially non-woven structure based on aramid fibers as a layer based on aramid fibers; and / or - the assembly comprises at least one aramid fiber-based felt as a layer based on aramid fibers; and / or - said structure or said felt is needled; and / or - the protective layer or sheet is attached to the assembly, in particular to at least one layer based on aramid fibers by one or more links allowing controlled movement between the protective layer or sheet and the assembly or layer based on aramid fibers; and / or - the protective sheet or layer is sewn and / or glued and / or welded and / or heat-welded (advantageously locally) to the whole or to a layer based on aramid fibers or to the net; and / or the protective layer or sheet is a rot-proof layer or sheet having a thickness of less than 2 mm, advantageously less than 1 mm, and in that the layer or sheet is at least partially made of a printable material; and / or - the protective sheet or layer is printed with information on the transported fluid (for example with "CANA GAZ" or "GHP" or "High Pressure Gas" for a pipe carrying gas); and / or the device comprises at least one layer of aramid fibers in the form of felt with a mass surface area greater than 100 g / m 2, advantageously greater than 150 g / m 2, the aramid fiber surface weight of the felt being distributed substantially equally or homogeneously relative to the felt surface; and / or - the device is able to be wound to form a device coil which in the unwound state has a length of more than 10m, advantageously more than 15m, preferably more than 20m, for example from 25m to 250m, even more (devices can if necessary be attached one after the other to form devices of greater length, for example more than 100m, for example more than 1km or more); and / or the device comprises at least one cable or wire capable of passing a signal, said cable or wire extending in the direction of the length of the device; and / or - the assembly has an upper face and a lower face, each of said faces being associated with a protective layer or sheet as described above; and / or the device has a width of between 50 cm and 300 cm (width equal to that of the net), for example 100 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm and 250 cm, or more, advantageously between 100 cm and 200 cm, while the strip has a width corresponding for example between 10 and 50% of the net width, in particular between 10 and 30% (advantageously the protective sheet has a width greater than that of the layer or set of layers of aramid fibers) (to have a protection on a greater width, it is possible to place devices next to each other, the longitudinally adjacent devices advantageously overlapping, and / or - the band only partially covers the net, so that the adjacent parts of the net respectively at a longitudinal edge are not covered by the strip and have an open area / total area ratio greater than 50%, preferably greater than 80%, preferably greater than 90%, and / or - to protect a pipe or pipe extending a great length, it is possible to use a series of strips, ensuring a superposition of one band over another for example over a length of 20 cm to 200 cm; and / or at least one end in the longitudinal direction of the device comprises means for attaching this end to another device according to the invention, in particular at one end of this other device; and / or the protective layer or sheet is a layer or sheet of polyester, for example having a thickness of between 100 μm and 1000 μm, in particular for example of 200 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm and 500 μm; and / or the protective layer or sheet is made at least partially of a material making it possible to signal the location of a cut or impact that the sheet or layer has undergone by a color signal; and / or the protective layer or layer is provided on its face opposite to that facing the assembly, with a coloring layer or with coloring elements capable of being detached or sintered from said face or a layer intermediate; and / or - the layer or layers of aramid fibers, advantageously in the form of compressed, preferably needle-punched fiber felt, has a thickness of between 1.5 mm and 10 mm, advantageously between 2 mm and 8 mm; and / or the felt is made from aramid fibers of average length between 10 mm and 100 mm, advantageously between 12 mm and 50 mm; and / or - the protective sheet or layer is adapted to form at least one envelope surrounding said assembly, said envelope being substantially watertight; and / or - the device is associated with or identifying means or signaling and / or drainage means and / or perforations adapted to ensure a passage of water through the device, said perforations or part of these being advantageously associated with carnations; and / or the net is colored, for example in yellow and black, in red and white, in red and yellow, in blue and white, etc., and / or the device comprises at least one layer of aramid fibers presenting the following characteristics: - surface mass of more than 100g / m2, - average thickness of more than 2mm, in particular from 2 to 5mm; - tensile strength in the transverse direction greater than 200N / 5cm, and in the machine direction (longitudinal direction) greater than 150N / 5cm - tear strength in the transverse direction greater than 100N / 5cm and in the direction of machine (longitudinal direction) greater than 90N / 5cm.
    The invention also relates to a buried element protected at least partially by a device according to the invention as described above and advantageously comprising one or more of the characteristics given above.
    The invention still relates to a method for protecting a pipe or pipe or buried cable, in particular a buried gas pipe, in which: (a) is placed above the pipe or cable a device according to the invention, advantageously after covering the pipe or cable with a first layer of earth and / or sand, and (b) covering the device with a layer of earth.
    The device is therefore remote from the buried element or pipe by a layer of earth and / or sand, this distance (corresponding to the thickness of the layer of earth or sand extending between the device and the buried element ) measured between the device and the buried element is preferably at least 20cm, for example between 25cm and 100cm. This distance therefore forms an additional safety distance.
    Advantageously, for successive devices in the direction of their length, a first device covers a second device over a length of 25cm to 200cm.
    Features and details of preferred embodiments will be apparent from the following detailed description, in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings. This description is given by way of example only, without restricting the general scope of the invention.
    In these drawings, FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a device according to the invention attached to another device according to the invention, FIG. 2 is a view of a device coil according to the invention wound up. around a mandrel; - Figures 3A and 3B are schematic cross-sectional views of two variants of bands for the device according to the invention; - Figures 4A and 4B are partial perspective views of a portion of a strip according to Figures 3A and 3B respectively; FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of one end of the device band of FIG. 4A or 4B; FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a device similar to that of FIG. 3A or 3B; - Figure 7 is a sectional view of a buried pipe and protected by a device according to the invention.
    FIG. 8 is a view of a variant of a device similar to that of FIG. 1.
    - Figure 9 is a plan view of a device according to the invention.
    FIG. 7 shows, by way of example only, a mechanical protection device FD for at least buried element C (for example at a depth P between 50 cm and 2 m), in particular an element chosen from the group consisting of pipes, pipes and cables, said device being independent of the buried element C to be protected and adapted to extend between the buried element C and the surface of the ground S. The device FD comprises a net F to which a band D is attached. FD device is advantageously placed just after placement of the buried element C in a trench T, in particular after covering the element C with a layer of sand and / or earth, for example a layer of sand and / or earth (for example a sand / earth mixture) 20 to 50cm thick. Once the FD device placed above the layer of sand and / or earth covering the element C, the trench is rebonded. The device is flexible and is advantageously before its placement in the form of a device wound on a cylindrical support. It is therefore sufficient to unroll the device so that it covers the element C, or more exactly the layer of soil or sand covering the element C. The band D is advantageously centered with respect to the thread F and is placed vertically above the element to be protected C. This device FD is also advantageous because it prevents the sand is washed away in case of heavy rain, and better distribute the efforts.
    Before use, the device FD is wound on a mandrel M with a central opening O to allow the fixing of the coil on a shaft of a coil holder, and thus facilitate the placement of the device over the pipe C, by simple unwinding of the coil, (see Figure 2)
    The width of the net F is for example 105cm, 120cm, 160cm, 200cm, 220cm or more if required. The width of the band D is less than one third of the width of the net, this width is for example 30cm, 50cm, 100cm
    The device of FIG. 1 comprises at least: a net, F of ropes, ropes and / or straps forming between them substantially polygonal (for example square) meshes of open section of at least 100 cm 2, said net F being realized by means of ropes having a diameter of more than 5 mm and / or straps having a width of more than 2 cm, said ropes and / or straps being made of at least 75% by weight of polymeric material and having a higher tensile strength at 15000N, advantageously greater than 20000N, preferably greater than 25000N according to EN699, and - a band D attached to said net F, said band D comprising at least one layer comprising aramid fibers.
    The ropes and / or straps of the rope net are made at least 75% by weight, preferably at least 85% by weight of polymeric material selected from polypropylene, polyamide, polyester, polyethylene, poly (p phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO) and mixtures thereof.
    The ropes and / or rope and / or straps comprise from 3 to 12 strands or strands attached to each other, in particular twisted together. The section of the ropes, straps and rope is for example 150mm2 to 500mm2, an average diameter of about 15 to 20mm for ropes of substantially circular section.
    The material used for the net is, for example: polyethylene having a Young's modulus greater than 50 GPa, and an elongation at break of less than 5%, (for example high modulus polyethylene marketed under the name Dyneema (R), material having the following characteristics of a liquid crystal polyester having a Young's modulus of greater than 50 GPa, and an elongation at break of less than 5%, of a polyamide having a Young's modulus greater than 50 GPa, and a lower elongation at break at 5% and poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO) having Young's modulus greater than 50 GPa, and an elongation at break of less than 5%, and mixtures thereof.
    In the embodiment shown, the net of ropes, ropes and / or straps has an open area / total area ratio greater than 50%, and even greater than 80%. This ratio is determined by placing the net or a part thereof on a flat support, and determining the total area of the net defined by the extreme edges thereof, and the area occupied by the rope, ropes and / or or straps. This important opening ratio of the net ensures that the net does not prevent the passage of water, sand and earth, or stones through the openings of the net.
    In the embodiment shown, the meshes of the net F define substantially square openings. These openings may naturally have other shapes, such as substantially triangular, rectangular, diamond, hexagonal, octagonal, and so on. The opening has a section for example of 100 to 1000cm2, in particular between 200 and 600cm2.
    Preferably, the openings of the net have substantially all (or at least 80% of said openings) a section between 100 and 1000cm2, in particular between 200cm2 and 600cm2.
    The longitudinal ends of the thread F are associated with means in the form of a loop F1, F2, in particular in sling form. These loops are for example made by means of ropes or straps forming the net F. For example the end of a strap or rope is folded on itself and used to form a fastening zone. These loops make it easy to connect one net to another, without using means extending between nodes or crossing point of the mesh of the net.
    The preferred net represented is a net at least partially knotless or at least part of which the stitches or cross stitches are formed of knitted yarns. This ensures a better resistance of the net in case of mechanical aggression by the teeth of a bucket of a machine, and to avoid already tensioning fibers or strands of the rope, rope or strap.
    The net is associated on its upper face (face not facing the pipeline to be protected) of a band D comprising an assembly comprising at least: a layer 1 based on aramid fibers or a series of layers based on aramid fibers, the aramid fiber surface mass of the layer or series of layers being greater than 100 g / m 2, advantageously greater than 150 g / m 2, and a protective layer or layer (2) covering at least partially a face of said assembly, said layer or sheet being a layer or sheet resistant to water and whose thickness allows the winding of the device on a coil.
    The assembly (1) comprises at least one at least partially non-woven structure based on aramid fibers as a layer based on aramid fibers.
    The band D is arranged on the net F so that two lateral zones of the threads F (along the longitudinal edges of the net) are not covered by the band D. The band D has for example a width corresponding to one-third of the width of the net F, or less. The width of the strip D is advantageously chosen to be greater than the diameter of the pipe C to be protected. The width of the band D is for example 50cm to 100cm. For nets of smaller widths, the width of the web can be reduced. This central band makes it possible to oppose the teeth of a bucket to pass through the portion of the net covered by the band.
    The band may be attached by various means to the thread F, for example by welding spots, glue points, by a rope passing through eyelets that has the band and by several meshes of the net F.
    The band can thus be flexibly or slightly movably attached to the net, or fixedly with little or no relative movement between the band and the net. The band D advantageously has an end DI extending beyond the thread F, so as to cover the end of a band of an adjacent device.
    Band D of FIG. 3A or 3B is a preferred band which comprises: (a) a layer based on aramid fibers 1, in particular based on KEVLAR (R) fibers, this layer having a substantially homogeneous surface mass of more than of 150g / m2, in particular from 150g / m2 to 700g / m2, for a thickness of between 1.5mm and 5mm. This layer is advantageously in the form of a felt and needle felt. Since the felt is in the form of a band, the lateral edges of the band are advantageously sewn, whereas if bands are to be attached to one another, they will advantageously be sewn together, for example to their ends. This layer will have for example a width of 50cm to 250cm, for a length of up to several km (for example if successive strips are attached to one another). The window 1 is for example made by means of aramid fibers 15 to 30 mm in length.
    (b) a polyester sheet 2 less than 1 mm thick, this flexible sheet having a first face 2A intended to be turned towards the Kevlar layer (R) and a second face 2B opposite to said first face. This second face 2B is adapted to be printed. This second face 2B will thus be provided with a longitudinally continuous (preferably fluorescent) color strip 6 (for example yellow) to indicate the fluid flowing in the pipe to be protected (for example gas), call numbers in case of emergency, the name of the operator, dates for the placement of Line C, etc. This sheet 2 advantageously has a width greater than that of the layer 1, so that the sheet 2 overhangs the two longitudinal edges of the layer 1. The sheet 2 thus covers the entire upper face 2B, and exceeds beyond the longitudinal edges of the layer 1, preferably at least 1 cm, for example from 1 to 10 cm.
    (c) connecting means 9 between the layer 1 and the sheet 2. These connecting means are, for example, stitches or seam lines (see FIG. 2A) or glue points or glue lines (see FIG. Figure 2B). The connecting means will be selected to allow limited relative movement between the layer and the film or sheet 2. These connecting means will be selected to be rotproof and water resistant. In the embodiment, the layer 1 and the sheet 2 are bonded to one another by stitches. Other means of connection are possible.
    (d) advantageously means to ensure a permeability of the layer 1 and the sheet 2, to allow the water to flow in the direction of the thickness. These means 3 are for example holes (see Figure 2A), the number and diameter will be chosen according to the desired permeability. These holes 3 may advantageously be associated with eyelets 4 (see FIG. 2B), these eyelets then also acting as connecting means between layer 1 and sheet 2. For example, a series of holes 3 will be present in the central portion of the protection strip, while two other sets of holes will be present in the vicinity of the longitudinal edges of the band D. The use of eyelets, in particular along the longitudinal edges of the band, is useful for guiding the operation of the band. winding the band D on the mandrel M, but also to center the band D during the unwinding of the coil. In this case, eyelets are advantageously aligned. These eyelets also make it possible to connect a band D with another band D, for example in the direction of the length. These eyelets are for example of the clipping type, with a part bearing on the layer 1 and another part bearing on the sheet 2, said parts attaching one moon to another for example by a pawl. Said parts of the eyelet could also have been attached to one another by glue or welding. The eyelet 4 is for example made of plastic, for example PVC, PP, etc.
    (e) advantageously son or a cable with fibers (for example optical) 5 for the passage of a signal (for example electric or electromagnetic), these son or cables being intended to be connected to an alarm center. When the wire or cable 5 is damaged, the passage of a signal will be disturbed, which will allow the central to determine the existence of a problem. These wires or cables 5 extend in the direction of the length of the band D.
    (f) advantageously a color layer 7 capable of peeling or sintering in case of mechanical aggression, for example in the event of shock or friction, this layer 7 making it possible to detect more quickly on the site if a risk of damage of a pipeline exists or has existed.
    To connect bands D of successive devices in the direction of the length, the end E1 of a band D is for example provided with a layer of adhesive 8 protected by a peelable layer 12, such as silicone paper, (see Figure 4). In this case, a strip of a first device covers a band portion of a second device, while the net of the first device extends over a portion of the net of the second device.
    As aramid fibers for layer 1, the following fibers are preferred: poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide fibers and / or poly-meta-phenylene terephthalamide fibers and / or copolymer fibers comprising at least one poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide block and a poly-meta-phenylene terephthalamide block and / or a mixture of such fibers. By way of a particular example, Kevlar (R), in particular Kevlar 49, will be mentioned as fiber.
    In FIG. 5, the layer 1 of aramid fibers is associated on its two opposite faces with a sheet of polyester 2.2bis, the sheets 2, 2a being connected to one another along their longitudinal edges by a glue line or welding (for example by heat sealing) 11, so as to form an envelope surrounding the layer 1. The device D according to this figure advantageously has one or more of the other characteristics of the embodiment of Figures 1 to 4.
    According to a particular embodiment, the layer 1 has the following characteristics: - weight per unit area of more than 100 g / m 2 (for example from 150 to 500 g / m 2) according to the ISO 9073-1 standard, - average thickness of more than 2 mm ( for example from 2 to 5 mm) according to the ISO-9073-2 standard; - breaking strength in the transverse direction greater than 200N / 5cm (for example from 250 to 500N / 5cm), and in the direction of the machine (longitudinal direction) greater than 150N / 5cm (for example from 175 to 300N / 5cm ) according to the standard 9073-3 - tear resistance in the transverse direction greater than 100N / 5cm (for example from 120 to 200N / 5cm) and in the machine direction (longitudinal direction) greater than 90N / 5cm (for example from 100 to 160N / 5cm) according to ISO 9073-4.
    The device according to the invention shown in Figures 1 to 5 has the following characteristics: - length of 50 to 200m; - winding possible; - weight per linear meter for a width of lm (weight per m2) of less than 3kg, in particular less than 2kg (net + tape), - D-band in polyester with PVC coating (weight per m2 less than 800g / m2, for example 300 to 600g / m2), yellow or other color depending on the pipe to be protected; with written information, for example black or red, such as "attention gas", "high pressure", average pressure ", indication as to the conduct (number), etc. - use of inscription with a height of 10cm and over, - ease of placement, by simple unwinding from a roller - ease of connecting successive devices to each other - good resistance of mechanical properties over time - resistance to bad weather and low temperatures, by example temperature resistance in the range of -30 ° C to + 50 ° C - resistance to rodents - ease of cutting, for example to adapt the length of the device to the required length - possibility of attaching the end of a device to that of another device out of the trench;
    Tests carried out by means of a device according to the invention described in FIGS. 1 to 5 have shown that a construction machine with a shovel did not succeed in piercing the strip, and thus allowed a protection of the buried element, the device according to the invention has made it possible to oppose the progression of the net and to limit its penetration. By blocking the bucket, the device causes the excavator to crawl, and the horn to trip.
    FIG. 8 is a view of another embodiment of a device according to the invention similar to that of claim 1.
    In this embodiment, the thread F is associated with two bands D, D ', each of the bands passing from mesh to mesh, once passing over a rope or rope or transverse strap, once passing below a rope or rope or cross strap.
    FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of a device according to the invention comprising a central strip D made of PVC-coated polyester attached along its underside to a net F. The width LD of the central band D is adapted to cover less than 50% of the width LF of the net, in particular from 15% to 35% of the width of the net F. In dashed lines, there is shown additional meshes that can present the net F, while the central band has broken lines to indicate that the width of the band may be variable.
    It is obvious that the single layer 1 used in the examples according to the figures could have been replaced by a series of superimposed layers.
    权利要求:
    Claims (25)
    [1]
    1. Mechanical protection device (FD) for at least buried element (C), in particular an element chosen from the group consisting of pipes, pipes and cables, more specifically a gas pipe, said device being independent of the buried element to be protected and adapted to extend between the buried element (C) and the ground surface (S), said device comprising at least: - a net (F) of ropes, ropes and / or straps forming between they have substantially polygonal meshes of open section of at least 100 cm 2, said net being made by means of ropes having a diameter of more than 5 mm and / or straps having a width of more than 2 cm, said ropes and / or straps being made at least 75% by weight of polymeric material and having a tensile strength greater than 15000N, preferably greater than 20000N, preferably greater than 25000N according to EN699, and - one or more water-impermeable strips (D) attached to said net, said strip or strips having (a) a thickness of 300 μm to 20 mm, (b) a width adapted for said strip (s) to cover in the direction of the length of the strip. net an area of the net away from the longitudinal edges of said net, said area of the net covered by the strip or strips having a width equal to at least 10% of the width of the net, preferably from 10 to 50% of the net width, of preferably from 15 to 35% of the width of the net, and (c) a mass per surface unit greater than 200 g / m 2, advantageously greater than 400 g / m 2, in particular between 500 g / m 2 and 1500 g / m 2.
    [2]
    2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ropes and / or straps of the rope net are made of at least 75% by weight, preferably at least 85% by weight of polymeric material selected from polypropylene, polyamide, polyester, polyethylene, poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO) and mixtures thereof.
    [3]
    3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ropes and / or rope and / or straps comprise several strands or strands attached to each other, in particular twisted together.
    [4]
    4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ropes and / or ropes and / or straps are made of polyethylene having a Young's modulus greater than 50 GPa, and an elongation at break lower than 5%, of liquid crystal polyester having a Young's modulus greater than 50 GPa, and an elongation at break of less than 5%, of polyamide having a Young's modulus of greater than 50 GPa, and an elongation at break less than 5 and poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO) having a Young's modulus greater than 50 GPa, and an elongation at break of less than 5%, and mixtures thereof.
    [5]
    5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rope net, ropes and / or straps has a ratio of open area / total area greater than 20%, preferably greater than 50%, preferably greater than 50%. at 80%.
    [6]
    6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the net comprises or is associated with means in the form of a loop, in particular in sling form. i '
    [7]
    7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the net is a net at least partially knotless or at least a portion of the mesh or crossing points are formed of son knitted.
    [8]
    8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the band attached to said net is an assembly (1) comprising a fabric or a layer based on fibers, in particular based on aramid fibers or a series of layers based on fibers, in particular based on aramid fibers, the surface density of the fabric or fibers of the layer or series of layers being greater than 100 g / m 2, advantageously greater than 150 g / m 2, and - a layer or sheet protection element (2) covering at least partially a face of said assembly, said layer or sheet being a layer or sheet resistant to water and whose thickness is less than 5 mm, in particular 3 mm to allow the winding of the device on a coil.
    [9]
    9. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the assembly (1) comprises at least one at least partially non-woven structure based on aramid fibers as a layer based on aramid fibers.
    [10]
    10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the assembly (1) comprises at least one felt based on aramid fibers as a layer based on aramid fibers.
    [11]
    11. Apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that it comprises at least one layer of aramid fibers (1) in the form of felt mass surface greater than 100g / m2, preferably greater than 150g / m2 the aramid fiber density of the felt being distributed substantially equally with respect to the felt surface.
    [12]
    12. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is capable of being wound to form a device coil (D) which in the unwound state has a length of more than 10m, advantageously more than 15m, preferably more than 20m, in particular from 25m to 250m, the width of the device being advantageously between 50cm and 300cm.
    [13]
    13. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the strip covers only partially the net, so that the portions of the net adjacent to a longitudinal edge respectively are not covered by the band and have a open surface ratio / total area greater than 50%, preferably greater than 80%, preferably greater than 90%.
    [14]
    14. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the strip comprises at least one layer or protective sheet (2) made of polyester.
    [15]
    15. Apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the layer or protective sheet (2) is associated with or is made at least partially of a material (5) for indicating the location of a notch or a shock suffered by the sheet or layer by a color signal.
    [16]
    16. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the layer or protective sheet (2) is provided on its face opposite to that facing the assembly, a coloring layer or coloring elements (5) adapted to peel off or sinter of said face or an intermediate layer.
    [17]
    17. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the strip comprises one or layers of aramid fibers (1), preferably in the form of compressed fiber felt, preferably needle-punched, has a thickness of between 1, 5mm and 10mm, advantageously between 2mm and 8mm.
    [18]
    18. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the felt (1) is made of aramid fibers of average length between 10mm and 100mm, preferably between 12mm and 50mm.
    [19]
    19. Apparatus according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the strip comprises a sheet or protective layer (2) adapted to form at least one envelope surrounding one or more layers of aramid fibers, said envelope being substantially watertight.
    [20]
    20. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is associated with or locating or signaling means.
    [21]
    21. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the strip comprises at least one layer (1) of aramid fibers having the following characteristics: - weight per unit area of more than 100 g / m2, - average thickness of more than 2mm; - tensile strength in the transverse direction greater than 200N / 5cm, and in the machine direction (longitudinal direction) greater than 150N / 5cm - tear strength in the transverse direction greater than 100N / 5cm and in the direction of machine (longitudinal direction) greater than 90N / 5cm.
    [22]
    22. buried element (C) at least partially protected by a device (D) according to any one of claims 1 to 21.
    [23]
    23. Method for protecting a buried pipe or conduit or cable, in particular a buried gas pipe, in which: (a) a device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is placed over the pipeline or cable; 21, advantageously after covering the pipe or cable with a first layer of earth and / or sand, and (b) covering the device with a layer of earth.
    [24]
    24. The method of claim 23, characterized in that for successive devices in the direction of their length, a first device covers a second device over a distance of 25cm to 200cm.
    [25]
    25. The method of claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the device is remote from the conduit or pipe or buried cable of at least 20cm, preferably from 25cm to 100cm.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2014121351A1|2014-08-14|
    BE1020918B1|2019-09-16|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR2153826A7|1971-09-22|1973-05-04|Plymouth Francaise Sa|
    FR2516567A1|1981-11-16|1983-05-20|Nortene Sa|Extensible netting for marking locations of buried pipes or cables - pref. made of blended polyolefin contg. ethylene! vinyl! acetate copolymer|
    FR2697094A1|1992-10-15|1994-04-22|Plymouth Francaise Sa|Underground pipe or cable position indicator - consists of support with elongated marker, e.g. of polypropylene, laid in ground above it|
    US5328310A|1993-01-04|1994-07-12|Lockney William R|Cargo restraining tonneau net|
    FR2733568A1|1995-04-25|1996-10-31|Hureau Jacques|Thermoplastic netting structure tape for buried warning|
    FR2755901A1|1996-11-18|1998-05-22|Nortene Technologies|Continuous marking of extruded, longitudinally oriented polypropylene@ warning netting|
    AR081099A4|2011-01-19|2012-06-13|Maintec S R L|WARNING MESH USED TO DETECT BURIAL OBJECTS SUCH AS CANERIES, CABLES, ETC|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    BE201300087|2013-02-06|
    BE20130087A|BE1020918B1|2013-02-06|2013-02-06|PROTECTION DEVICE FOR BURIED ELEMENT.|BE20130087A| BE1020918B1|2013-02-06|2013-02-06|PROTECTION DEVICE FOR BURIED ELEMENT.|
    PCT/BE2014/000007| WO2014121351A1|2013-02-06|2014-02-05|Protection device for a buried element|
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